平地机刀片装置是平地机的主要工作装置，与其它辅助装置相互配合能够进行土壤的切削、刮送和整平作业，还可进行砂石路面、砾石路面、路基路面的整形和维修，表层土或草皮的剥离、挖沟、修刮边坡等平整作业，以及完成材料的混合、回填、推移、摊平等作业。下面分别就铲刀的结构、工作原理及尺寸的确定做一下交流。
１、铲刀的结构和工作原理：
铲刀的结构如图ａ所示。牵引架５的前端是个铰接球，与前车架的前端铰接相连，后端固定回转圈１２，通过升降油缸６、７和摆架与平地机前车架相连，铲刀９与回转圈８连接，在回转驱动装置４的驱动下带动铲刀回转。铲刀背面的侧移油缸１１推动铲刀沿滑轨１０做侧向滑动。切削角调节油缸３可以改变铲刀的铲土角。因此，平地机铲刀能够进行升降、倾斜、侧移、引出和３６０°回转等运动，其位置可以在较大范围内调整，以满足平地机平地、切削、侧面移土、路基成形、边坡修整等作业。
２、铲刀尺寸的确定：
２．１铲刀长度Ｌ的确定
平地机在施工时，不但要切削土层，并且还要连续不断地把土侧移到平地机行驶路线的外侧。因此，铲刀长度Ｌ就是由铲刀切土部分长度Ｉｌ和非切土部分长度Ｉ２组成，如图ｂ所示。
铲刀切土部分长度ｌ可由公式求得如下：
ｌ＝
式中：Ｐ——铲刀切削阻力，ｋＮ；
Ｋ——切削比压力（见表１），ｋＰａ；
ｈ——平均切削厚度，ｍ。
非切土部分长度ｌ可由图ｃ所示曲线，根据铲掘面积Ａ和铲刀的倾角ε直接查得。铲刀全部长度为：
Ｌ＝
２．２铲刀高度Ｈ
Ｈ：ｃｂ≈
式中：Ａ——图ａ中土拢断面积一半。
２．３铲刀其它作业参数
铲刀起升速度９．０～１８．０ｃｍ／ｓ；
铲刀降落速度６．５～８．５ｃｍ／ｓ；
铲刀侧面引出速度１．０～３．５ｃｍ／ｓ；
铲刀在水平面内回转３°～６°／ｓ；
在平整边坡和切削斜／坡时，铲刀对水平倾角为４０°～７０°。
铲刀相对于牵引架两边的侧移量，相对于轻型、中型、重型、超重型平地机分别不小于５００ｍｍ、７００ｍｍ、８００ｍｍ和８５０ｍｍ。
Grader grader blade device is the main work device, and other auxiliary devices complement each other to carry out the soil cutting, scraping and leveling delivery operations, but also the gravel road, gravel road, the shaping and maintenance of the road subgrade, topsoil or turf stripping, trenching, scraping the slope repair and so smooth operations, and the completion of the mixed materials, backfill, bed, sharing equal work. Respectively of the blade below the structure, working principle and determine the size of the exchange to do something.
1, of the blade structure and working principle:
The structure of a blade as shown in Fig. The front end traction frame 5 is hinged ball, and the front hinged front frame connected to the fixed rear turning circle 12, through the lift cylinder 6,7 and swing frame before the frame is connected with motor graders, blade 8, 9 and turning circle connection, the rotary drive unit 4, driving, driven rotary blade. Lateral blade on the back of the blade cylinder 11 to promote lateral sliding along the rails 10 do. Cutting angle adjustment can change the fuel tank 3 shoveling the blade angle. Therefore, the motor grader blade to the lift, tilt, lateral displacement, leads and 360 ° rotating, movement, and its position can be adjusted in a wide range to meet the flat grader, cutting, side shifting soil, foundation forming, slope trimming operations.
2, blade size to determine:
2.1 Determination of blade length L
Grader in the construction, not only cutting soil, and also to the soil side of the continuously moving line of motor graders to move outside. Therefore, blade length L is the length of the blade knife soils in the soil Il and non-cutting part of the length of I2, as shown in b below.
Soils in the length of the knife blade can be obtained from the formula l is as follows:
l =
Where: P - blade cutting resistance, kN;
K - cutting than the pressure (see Table 1), kPa;
h - the average chip thickness, m.
Non-cutting part of the length l of soil as shown by the curve of Figure c, area A under the shovel and the angle of the blade directly to Richard ε. Full length of the blade:
L =
Blade height of 2.2 H
H: cb ≈
Where: A - Chart a rope off an area of half of Turkey.
2.3 Other operating parameters of the blade
Blade lifting speed 9.0 ~ 18.0cm / s;
Blade landing speed 6.5 ~ 8.5cm / s;
Blade side leads to the speed 1.0 ~ 3.5cm / s;
Blade rotation in the horizontal plane 3 ° ~ 6 ° / s;
Inclined slope and cutting in the formation / slope, the horizontal angle of the blade is 40 ° ~ 70 °.
Blade relative to the amount of lateral traction frame on both sides, as opposed to light, medium, heavy, super heavy-duty motor graders were no less than 500mm, 700mm, 800mm and 850mm.
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